Psychological and Sociological Factors in Smoking Addiction Essay

Mental and Sociological Factors in Smoking Addiction Understanding the propensity for smoking tobacco The article will talk about how smoking tobacco turned into a propensity among individuals; what are the elements that influence the considering people in testing tobacco smoking; and what makes them consider stopping smoking. It will address both mental and sociological thoughts and will endeavor to apply every thought so as to comprehend people’s ways of life. Presentation Tobacco is a green and verdant plant and for the most part develops in a warm domain. At the point when it is completely developed, it will be gathered, dried, handled and can be utilized in various manners. It very well may be smoked as cigarette, stogie, pipe, sneeze through the nose or it can likewise be bitten. In tobacco, there are a large number of synthetic substances and one of these synthetic concoctions is the nicotine that makes it addictive or can frame a propensity. When you smoke tobacco, the nicotine goes to your circulation system that triggers your body to need more. Nicotine is a medication and an energizer that changes your body somehow or another. On the off chance that you smoke, it accelerates some portion of your framework (anxious) and causes you to feel you have the vitality to adapt to your day by day living. Smoking likewise make your heart beat quicker and raise your circulatory strain (Jacobs, 1997). In any case, Jarvis (2004), states that the connection with nicotine dependence doesn't infer that pharmacological properties drives smoking conduct in a straightforward manner. It doesn't avoids different impacts, for example, individual, social, monetary and political and these impacts have a significant influence in deciding examples of smoking commonness (Jarvis, 20 04). Mental Aspects of the Habit of Smoking When smoking turned into a propensity or you got dependent, it is difficult to beat. It is ... .../niceMedia/archives/smoking_low_income.pdf [Accessed 24th July 2010] Niven, N. what's more, Robinson J. (1994) Psychology applied to medical attendants. In: Mã ¼ller, D. Brain science applied to nurses’ arrangement. Chippenham: Antony Rowe Ltd. Office of National Statistics (2010). General Lifestyle Survey, Smoking and Drinking among Adults 2008 [online]. London: statistics.gov.uk Available from http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/GLF08/GLFSmoking&DrinkingAmongAdults2008.pdf [Accessed twentieth July 2010] Office of National Statistics (2007). Smoking-related Behavior and Attitudes, 2007 [online] London: statistics.gov.uk Available from http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_health/smoking2007.pdf [Accessed 25th July 2010] Office for National Statistics (2004) Prevalence of cigarette smoking by sex and age: 1974 to 2003: General Household Survey 2003 London: OPSI

How to Start Utilize a Customer Community

How to Start Utilize a Customer Community There are a number of ways to market your products, serve your customers and improve your products or services. But rarely do all of these functions fall under a single platform â€" until you consider setting up a customer community. © Shutterstock.com | Studio_GIn this guide, we’ll explore what customer communities are all about and the reasons they’ve become an important tool for businesses. You’ll be able to understand why your organization should start and utilize a customer community. Finally, we’ll examine the keys to starting a customer community.WHAT IS A CUSTOMER COMMUNITY?Before we venture deeper into the ways to utilize and set up a customer community, it’s important to examine customer community as a concept.The definition of a customer communityCustomer communities are places where customers, experts and partners talk about the issues surrounding the company and its products or services. The communities are often online-based, as the Internet has made it easier for different groups to collaborate and communicate.The aim of an online customer community is to bring the different players together â€" the customers, the employees and other partners â€" and to provide a better experience for th e customer. These communities are therefore helping to improve and develop the product or service, in order to enhance the customer experience.The issues discussed by the community include:Solving problems with the product, the service or the companyReviewing and analyzing the product or the serviceBrainstorming new ideasEngaging in discussion about the product in a general levelIt’s important to understand the distinction between a customer service platform and a customer community. Whilst customer community aims to improve the overall customer experience, it is not a customer service platform in the purest meaning of the word. Customer communities are interactive platforms for collaborating about the product and the service, instead of a platform designed solely for solving customer problems.A number of companies have dedicated customer communities, although these platforms are not often evangelized to the public. Some examples of customer communities include:American Express †" American Express OpenAdobe â€"  Learning communitiesIDC â€" IDC InsightsYou should also watch the below video of Ustream co-founder and CEO, Brad Hunstable, explaining how the organization used and benefitted from implementing a customer community: Why the rise of customer communities?While customer communities are not often publicly talked about, the number of them has been on the increase. Two separate forces have largely driven the trend: the rise of the Internet and the age of the customer.The technological revolution and the emergence of the Internet have been a major force in the increase in customer communities. Organizations have been able to set up these online platforms easily and the investment has been kept relatively low. Furthermore, social media has helped to connect with customers and the use of mobile phones has driven the success of many of these platforms.The Internet hasn’t just made collaboration and communication easier, it has also given the customer bette r anonymity. As these platforms enable the hiding of the customer’s identity, customers feel more relaxed to discuss the pain points of the product or service, as the information won’t be attached to customer profile.The other major driver of customer communities has been the evolution of the age of the customer. Customers have gained increasing power in the dynamic partnership over the seller. Since the options for ‘taking your money elsewhere’ have increased, the negotiating power of the customer has increased.Information is democratized, meaning customers are able to seek information about a product or a service more easily. It’s not also simply information provided by expert sources, but direct experiences from users that are just like the customer.THE REASONS FOR STARTING A CUSTOMER COMMUNITYOrganizations should look into customer communities as a means to improve the organization and develop customer relations. These means, such as customer communities, are important in today’s connected world because they enhance the business’ ability to engage with customers and to keep them happy.The benefits and the best uses of a customer community are aligned. Therefore, an organization should aim to focus on ensuring it achieves the best uses, as it’ll also help them achieve the benefits. The focus should be on:Providing more value for the customer. Customer communities are perfect for value-improvement and this aspect should be the focus of a customer community. Organizations should ensure customers have easy access to information through the platform to improve the user experience. Responsiveness of the community is also important, as you can provide more value by simply responding faster.Value creation shouldn’t be purely focused on the company’s own products and services. The role of the customer community is to open the doors and ensure the customer makes the most of the product or service. This could include things such as introducing oth er products that work well with the product or solving issues by directing the customer to another service. The key should solely be on value for the customer.Improving the product or service. A customer community is focused on bringing together the different elements of the organization, from the employees to the customers. This can provide a deeper insight into the product or service and help drive product development.Organizations are not only able to learn directly from the problems customers might have with the product, but can also attract ideas the organization might not have thought of. Customer communities can drive development and innovation, especially if this is encouraged and supported by the organization.Boosting marketing. Organizations should also use customer communities for marketing purposes. This should be done by two approaches.First, the company should use the platform for marketing new products and services to the community. This could include providing early access and giving exclusive content for community members. An organization should also encourage the sharing of new information and tips among members and the wider target market. Customer driven marketing can be a beneficial tool in the era of social media.Organizations are also able to learn from its members. Gathering and analyzing data generated by the community is an important tool for improving marketing strategies. It’s beneficial to test content or marketing strategies within the community and then use the information in public campaigns.Second, the company can use the costumer community as a tool for branding and marketing. A customer community is great for highlighting how the company looks after its customer and therefore attracting more people. With a strong customer community, an organization can establish itself as an industry leader and become an authoritative organization within the sector.Learn how customer communities are boosting word-of-mouth marketing.[slidesh are id=30909219doc=lithium-how-customer-communities-power-word-of-mouth-marketingm4dk4eg-140206120547-phpapp01type=dw=640h=330]Enhancing the organizations ability to control its online reputation. In today’s online-driven world, information spreads fast. For companies, this can sometimes mean a single bad online review can damage its reputation if the situation isn’t handled properly.But a customer community is another tool that could potentially help manage the online conversation. The organization can direct the social media conversation surrounding it and control the way reviews and responses to them are handled.Customer community can help the company improve its product and service in the event of ‘bad publicity’. The ability to learn from each experience, as well as to get direct feedback from customer can be an important part of improving damage control.Cutting costs. Finally, customer community should be used for cutting costs, which will be an essential benefit for a ny organization. Most of the above points directly cut operational costs in an organization.For example, an organization can discard unnecessary product development, as it’ll hear directly from the customers. The feedback from the community will help direct resources to improve the aspect of the products the user wants changed.Furthermore, you’ll also be able to create better marketing strategies, as well as use user generated content and user sharing/reviews as part of your marketing. This is another big cut in operational costs.HOW TO CREATE A STRONG FOUNDATION FOR THE CUSTOMER COMMUNITYWhen setting up a customer community, the above benefits should guide the focus of the community. Furthermore, there are specific elements, which will make the above advantages easier to achieve and guarantee the organizations approach to customer community is on the right track.The five cornerstones of a good customer community, and which should be at the heart of your operations, are explaine d below.#1 Creating a strong internal support structureYour first priority should be creating a support structure around the community. This is mainly down to the Internet being quite a murky place to operate in. In short, your organization will not always attract good comments and customer created content might be tricky to handle. You therefore need a team that’s able to respond to these situations efficiently and who feel supported and appreciated by the organization for doing this important work.First, it’s important to draw a clear set of procedures for dealing with customer community related issues. Have a line of commands in place for negative feedback or content within the community, as well as for dealing with community-related problems. If everyone knows how to approach these sorts of problems, they will be able to deal with them more effectively.You don’t want to restrict the directions customer communities take, as it can lead to stronger customer relations and inn ovations. Nonetheless, you should have clear guidelines of the appropriate behavior to ensure the community understands the rules.Second, you should consider recruiting a team of volunteers to run the community at first. Perhaps there are people within your organization who would love to do some blogging, or who wouldn’t mind answering customer questions. Having a volunteer for these jobs guarantees you have passionate people involved with the community.In this video Salesforce explains some best practices for running your own customer community. #2 Ensuring accountabilityYour customer community must also have a strong accountability system in place, both internally and externally. For things to run smoothly, a community manager is definitely worth assigning. The community manager can be the final piece of the puzzle guaranteeing your community doesn’t start to run riot.The manager’s role is to keep everyone in the community in line, whether they are the organizations employee s or the customers. Furthermore, the manager can ensure focus and objectives are being achieved within the community.If you have a suitable candidate for the role within your organization, then appointing them can be a great idea. On the other hand, you shouldn’t be afraid of hiring an experienced community manager from the outside.While the community manager should be the arbiter of accountability, he or she shouldn’t act like a tyrant. The role of the manager is more like a role of a referee â€" there to blow the whistle if things get out of hand, but also have his own role scrutinized by the community, and definitely not the decider of the final score.When it comes to accountability and community management, the customers should have a say in how the community is being run. The community should put the customer first and customers must have a say in how things are run.#3 Fostering external supportIt’s essential to foster a culture of support within the community and externa l support definitely plays a role. You want the community to help run the show and support each other in making the most of your product or service.First, it’s important to start rewarding good behavior and community contributions. If you have customers who are actively answering community member’s questions or creating content for the community to enjoy, you want to show your appreciation of this behavior. Community points systems, awards and other such rewards are definitely a good way to foster helpful and friendly behavior.There are companies that have organized award ceremonies for customer communities and the most helpful community members. In terms of rewarding the ‘best’ community members, you could use different criteria. For example, you can reward members who’ve helped the most by answering questions or you could reward the members who’ve created the most viewed blog post or video related to your product or service.Furthermore, you can understand the importanc e of this approach through the example of Amazon. The online platform now designates top reviewers and even has a reviewer Hall of Fame. The consumer trust towards these community-driven reviews has meant the reviews are more valued than those of traditional media reviewers.You should also aim to create strong peer support networks within the community. Invoke natural social engagement rules and allow customers to form their own groups. Again, it’s important to ensure you encourage to brightest customers to step up and take a leading role in helping other community members. Actively look for these customers, support them in their role, mention them to other community members and reward their good behavior.#4 Generating quality contentThe focus of a customer community should be on content, as this is one of the best ways to ensure customers fully utilize your product or service. In addition, content creation can help yield better results for customer attraction.It’s crucial to un derstand content creation shouldn’t be too narrowly determined â€" the content can range from informal to formal, from the written word to videos and images. The important thing is to ensure the quality remains high and the content is useful for the consumer. You shouldn’t produce content simply for content’s sake.Furthermore, your content shouldn’t be used for pushing your products and business to the community â€" your focus shouldn’t be on marketing your business, it’s just an additional bonus. Good content creation within a customer community focuses on helping customers make the most with your products and service. Therefore, your content must be helpful, innovative and answer a real need within the community.In fact, a customer community shouldn’t shy away from discussing or sharing information or products that might not be related or solved by the organizations own products and services. Microsoft’s customer community, or customer advisory board, the Interoper ability Executive Council is the perfect example of this. The board gathered different technology experts and focused on solving all the vexing business technology issues, even when Microsoft products couldn’t solve them. This nonetheless, gave the company a strong position as a thought leader in the industry and helped develop its brand image.Finally, when it comes to content creation, it’s auspicious to involve social media to your strategy. You want to encourage social media sharing, as it can help improve and grow your customer community.#5 Focusing on strong securityOverall, since your company will be sharing information and your customers are involved with sharing personal details, you must ensure the community is properly protected. Therefore, if you collect data or use platforms that require login, ensure you implement appropriate security measures. Create strong security policies, which are transparent and nurture strong security culture within the community as well.Fur thermore, you should also find a balance in releasing new and sensitive information about the product and keeping this information to yourself. Whilst the data can be useful for the consumer and help increase innovation and customer satisfaction, your competitors can also use detailed data against you. You need to identify the information that could be beneficial to competitors and the information, which is more valuable to the consumer.FINAL WORDSCustomer communities are an effective way to increase sales, develop better products and services, and provide more value for customers. It’s an important part of a comprehensive customer support network and an essential tool for better marketing strategies.In order to start and utilize a customer community, your organization must outline its objectives and focus on putting the customer first. You’ll need to establish strong external and internal support structures and make sure you create quality content that adds real value to consum ers, instead of being purely for promotional purposes.Above all, use the customer community to engage with your consumers and nurture consumer-led innovation and content creation.

How to Start Utilize a Customer Community

How to Start Utilize a Customer Community There are a number of ways to market your products, serve your customers and improve your products or services. But rarely do all of these functions fall under a single platform â€" until you consider setting up a customer community. © Shutterstock.com | Studio_GIn this guide, we’ll explore what customer communities are all about and the reasons they’ve become an important tool for businesses. You’ll be able to understand why your organization should start and utilize a customer community. Finally, we’ll examine the keys to starting a customer community.WHAT IS A CUSTOMER COMMUNITY?Before we venture deeper into the ways to utilize and set up a customer community, it’s important to examine customer community as a concept.The definition of a customer communityCustomer communities are places where customers, experts and partners talk about the issues surrounding the company and its products or services. The communities are often online-based, as the Internet has made it easier for different groups to collaborate and communicate.The aim of an online customer community is to bring the different players together â€" the customers, the employees and other partners â€" and to provide a better experience for th e customer. These communities are therefore helping to improve and develop the product or service, in order to enhance the customer experience.The issues discussed by the community include:Solving problems with the product, the service or the companyReviewing and analyzing the product or the serviceBrainstorming new ideasEngaging in discussion about the product in a general levelIt’s important to understand the distinction between a customer service platform and a customer community. Whilst customer community aims to improve the overall customer experience, it is not a customer service platform in the purest meaning of the word. Customer communities are interactive platforms for collaborating about the product and the service, instead of a platform designed solely for solving customer problems.A number of companies have dedicated customer communities, although these platforms are not often evangelized to the public. Some examples of customer communities include:American Express †" American Express OpenAdobe â€"  Learning communitiesIDC â€" IDC InsightsYou should also watch the below video of Ustream co-founder and CEO, Brad Hunstable, explaining how the organization used and benefitted from implementing a customer community: Why the rise of customer communities?While customer communities are not often publicly talked about, the number of them has been on the increase. Two separate forces have largely driven the trend: the rise of the Internet and the age of the customer.The technological revolution and the emergence of the Internet have been a major force in the increase in customer communities. Organizations have been able to set up these online platforms easily and the investment has been kept relatively low. Furthermore, social media has helped to connect with customers and the use of mobile phones has driven the success of many of these platforms.The Internet hasn’t just made collaboration and communication easier, it has also given the customer bette r anonymity. As these platforms enable the hiding of the customer’s identity, customers feel more relaxed to discuss the pain points of the product or service, as the information won’t be attached to customer profile.The other major driver of customer communities has been the evolution of the age of the customer. Customers have gained increasing power in the dynamic partnership over the seller. Since the options for ‘taking your money elsewhere’ have increased, the negotiating power of the customer has increased.Information is democratized, meaning customers are able to seek information about a product or a service more easily. It’s not also simply information provided by expert sources, but direct experiences from users that are just like the customer.THE REASONS FOR STARTING A CUSTOMER COMMUNITYOrganizations should look into customer communities as a means to improve the organization and develop customer relations. These means, such as customer communities, are important in today’s connected world because they enhance the business’ ability to engage with customers and to keep them happy.The benefits and the best uses of a customer community are aligned. Therefore, an organization should aim to focus on ensuring it achieves the best uses, as it’ll also help them achieve the benefits. The focus should be on:Providing more value for the customer. Customer communities are perfect for value-improvement and this aspect should be the focus of a customer community. Organizations should ensure customers have easy access to information through the platform to improve the user experience. Responsiveness of the community is also important, as you can provide more value by simply responding faster.Value creation shouldn’t be purely focused on the company’s own products and services. The role of the customer community is to open the doors and ensure the customer makes the most of the product or service. This could include things such as introducing oth er products that work well with the product or solving issues by directing the customer to another service. The key should solely be on value for the customer.Improving the product or service. A customer community is focused on bringing together the different elements of the organization, from the employees to the customers. This can provide a deeper insight into the product or service and help drive product development.Organizations are not only able to learn directly from the problems customers might have with the product, but can also attract ideas the organization might not have thought of. Customer communities can drive development and innovation, especially if this is encouraged and supported by the organization.Boosting marketing. Organizations should also use customer communities for marketing purposes. This should be done by two approaches.First, the company should use the platform for marketing new products and services to the community. This could include providing early access and giving exclusive content for community members. An organization should also encourage the sharing of new information and tips among members and the wider target market. Customer driven marketing can be a beneficial tool in the era of social media.Organizations are also able to learn from its members. Gathering and analyzing data generated by the community is an important tool for improving marketing strategies. It’s beneficial to test content or marketing strategies within the community and then use the information in public campaigns.Second, the company can use the costumer community as a tool for branding and marketing. A customer community is great for highlighting how the company looks after its customer and therefore attracting more people. With a strong customer community, an organization can establish itself as an industry leader and become an authoritative organization within the sector.Learn how customer communities are boosting word-of-mouth marketing.[slidesh are id=30909219doc=lithium-how-customer-communities-power-word-of-mouth-marketingm4dk4eg-140206120547-phpapp01type=dw=640h=330]Enhancing the organizations ability to control its online reputation. In today’s online-driven world, information spreads fast. For companies, this can sometimes mean a single bad online review can damage its reputation if the situation isn’t handled properly.But a customer community is another tool that could potentially help manage the online conversation. The organization can direct the social media conversation surrounding it and control the way reviews and responses to them are handled.Customer community can help the company improve its product and service in the event of ‘bad publicity’. The ability to learn from each experience, as well as to get direct feedback from customer can be an important part of improving damage control.Cutting costs. Finally, customer community should be used for cutting costs, which will be an essential benefit for a ny organization. Most of the above points directly cut operational costs in an organization.For example, an organization can discard unnecessary product development, as it’ll hear directly from the customers. The feedback from the community will help direct resources to improve the aspect of the products the user wants changed.Furthermore, you’ll also be able to create better marketing strategies, as well as use user generated content and user sharing/reviews as part of your marketing. This is another big cut in operational costs.HOW TO CREATE A STRONG FOUNDATION FOR THE CUSTOMER COMMUNITYWhen setting up a customer community, the above benefits should guide the focus of the community. Furthermore, there are specific elements, which will make the above advantages easier to achieve and guarantee the organizations approach to customer community is on the right track.The five cornerstones of a good customer community, and which should be at the heart of your operations, are explaine d below.#1 Creating a strong internal support structureYour first priority should be creating a support structure around the community. This is mainly down to the Internet being quite a murky place to operate in. In short, your organization will not always attract good comments and customer created content might be tricky to handle. You therefore need a team that’s able to respond to these situations efficiently and who feel supported and appreciated by the organization for doing this important work.First, it’s important to draw a clear set of procedures for dealing with customer community related issues. Have a line of commands in place for negative feedback or content within the community, as well as for dealing with community-related problems. If everyone knows how to approach these sorts of problems, they will be able to deal with them more effectively.You don’t want to restrict the directions customer communities take, as it can lead to stronger customer relations and inn ovations. Nonetheless, you should have clear guidelines of the appropriate behavior to ensure the community understands the rules.Second, you should consider recruiting a team of volunteers to run the community at first. Perhaps there are people within your organization who would love to do some blogging, or who wouldn’t mind answering customer questions. Having a volunteer for these jobs guarantees you have passionate people involved with the community.In this video Salesforce explains some best practices for running your own customer community. #2 Ensuring accountabilityYour customer community must also have a strong accountability system in place, both internally and externally. For things to run smoothly, a community manager is definitely worth assigning. The community manager can be the final piece of the puzzle guaranteeing your community doesn’t start to run riot.The manager’s role is to keep everyone in the community in line, whether they are the organizations employee s or the customers. Furthermore, the manager can ensure focus and objectives are being achieved within the community.If you have a suitable candidate for the role within your organization, then appointing them can be a great idea. On the other hand, you shouldn’t be afraid of hiring an experienced community manager from the outside.While the community manager should be the arbiter of accountability, he or she shouldn’t act like a tyrant. The role of the manager is more like a role of a referee â€" there to blow the whistle if things get out of hand, but also have his own role scrutinized by the community, and definitely not the decider of the final score.When it comes to accountability and community management, the customers should have a say in how the community is being run. The community should put the customer first and customers must have a say in how things are run.#3 Fostering external supportIt’s essential to foster a culture of support within the community and externa l support definitely plays a role. You want the community to help run the show and support each other in making the most of your product or service.First, it’s important to start rewarding good behavior and community contributions. If you have customers who are actively answering community member’s questions or creating content for the community to enjoy, you want to show your appreciation of this behavior. Community points systems, awards and other such rewards are definitely a good way to foster helpful and friendly behavior.There are companies that have organized award ceremonies for customer communities and the most helpful community members. In terms of rewarding the ‘best’ community members, you could use different criteria. For example, you can reward members who’ve helped the most by answering questions or you could reward the members who’ve created the most viewed blog post or video related to your product or service.Furthermore, you can understand the importanc e of this approach through the example of Amazon. The online platform now designates top reviewers and even has a reviewer Hall of Fame. The consumer trust towards these community-driven reviews has meant the reviews are more valued than those of traditional media reviewers.You should also aim to create strong peer support networks within the community. Invoke natural social engagement rules and allow customers to form their own groups. Again, it’s important to ensure you encourage to brightest customers to step up and take a leading role in helping other community members. Actively look for these customers, support them in their role, mention them to other community members and reward their good behavior.#4 Generating quality contentThe focus of a customer community should be on content, as this is one of the best ways to ensure customers fully utilize your product or service. In addition, content creation can help yield better results for customer attraction.It’s crucial to un derstand content creation shouldn’t be too narrowly determined â€" the content can range from informal to formal, from the written word to videos and images. The important thing is to ensure the quality remains high and the content is useful for the consumer. You shouldn’t produce content simply for content’s sake.Furthermore, your content shouldn’t be used for pushing your products and business to the community â€" your focus shouldn’t be on marketing your business, it’s just an additional bonus. Good content creation within a customer community focuses on helping customers make the most with your products and service. Therefore, your content must be helpful, innovative and answer a real need within the community.In fact, a customer community shouldn’t shy away from discussing or sharing information or products that might not be related or solved by the organizations own products and services. Microsoft’s customer community, or customer advisory board, the Interoper ability Executive Council is the perfect example of this. The board gathered different technology experts and focused on solving all the vexing business technology issues, even when Microsoft products couldn’t solve them. This nonetheless, gave the company a strong position as a thought leader in the industry and helped develop its brand image.Finally, when it comes to content creation, it’s auspicious to involve social media to your strategy. You want to encourage social media sharing, as it can help improve and grow your customer community.#5 Focusing on strong securityOverall, since your company will be sharing information and your customers are involved with sharing personal details, you must ensure the community is properly protected. Therefore, if you collect data or use platforms that require login, ensure you implement appropriate security measures. Create strong security policies, which are transparent and nurture strong security culture within the community as well.Fur thermore, you should also find a balance in releasing new and sensitive information about the product and keeping this information to yourself. Whilst the data can be useful for the consumer and help increase innovation and customer satisfaction, your competitors can also use detailed data against you. You need to identify the information that could be beneficial to competitors and the information, which is more valuable to the consumer.FINAL WORDSCustomer communities are an effective way to increase sales, develop better products and services, and provide more value for customers. It’s an important part of a comprehensive customer support network and an essential tool for better marketing strategies.In order to start and utilize a customer community, your organization must outline its objectives and focus on putting the customer first. You’ll need to establish strong external and internal support structures and make sure you create quality content that adds real value to consum ers, instead of being purely for promotional purposes.Above all, use the customer community to engage with your consumers and nurture consumer-led innovation and content creation.

Geology of the Appalachian Mountains

The Appalachian Mountain range is one of the oldest continental mountain systems in the world. The tallest mountain in the range is the 6,684-foot Mount Mitchell, located in North Carolina. Compared with the Rocky Mountains of western North America, which have 50 plus peaks over 14,000 feet in elevation, the Appalachians are rather modest in height. At their tallest, however, they rose to Himalayan-scale heights before being weathered and eroded down over the past ~200 million years. A Physiographic Overview The Appalachian Mountains trend southwest to northeast from central Alabama all the way to Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Along this 1,500-mile path, the system is split up into 7 different physiographic provinces  that  contain distinct geologic backgrounds. In the southern section, the Appalachian Plateau and Valley and Ridge provinces make up the western border of the system and are composed of sedimentary rocks like sandstone, limestone, and shale. To the east lie the Blue Ridge Mountains and Piedmont, composed primarily of metamorphic and igneous rocks.  In some areas, like Red Top Mountain in northern Georgia or Blowing Rock in northern North Carolina, the rock has eroded down to where one can see basement rocks that formed over a billion years ago during the Grenville Orogeny.   The northern Appalachians are made up of two parts: the St. Lawrence Valley, a small region defined by the St. Lawrence River and St. Lawrence rift system, and the New England province, which formed hundreds of millions of years ago and owes much of its present topography to recent glacial episodes. Geologically speaking, the Adirondack Mountains are quite different than the Appalachian Mountains; however, they are included by the USGS in the Appalachian Highland region.   Geologic History To a geologist, the rocks of the Appalachian Mountains reveal a billion-year story of violent continental collisions and the subsequent mountain building, erosion, deposition and/or volcanism that came with. The geologic history of the area is complex but can be broken down into four major orogenies, or mountain building events. It is important to remember that between each of these orogenies, millions of years of weathering and erosion wore the mountains down and deposited sediment in the surrounding areas. This sediment was often subjected to intense heat and pressure as the mountains were uplifted again during the next orogeny.   Grenville Orogeny: This mountain-building event occurred around 1 billion years ago, creating the supercontinent Rodinia. The collision formed tall mountains along with the igneous and metamorphic rocks that make up the very core of the Appalachians. The supercontinent began to break apart around 750 million years ago and by 540 million years ago, an ocean (the Iapetus Ocean) existed between the paleocontinents.  Taconic Orogeny: Approximately 460 million years ago, as the Iapetus Ocean was closing, a volcanic island arc chain collided with the North American Craton.  The remnants of these mountains can still be seen in the Taconic Range of New York.Acadian Orogeny: Starting 375 million years ago, this mountain-building episode occurred as the Avalonian terrane collided with the North American Craton. The collision did not happen head on, as it struck the northern section of the protocontinent and then slowly moved southward. Index minerals show us that the Avalonian terrane stru ck the North American craton at different times and with different collisional forces.Alleghanian Orogeny: This event (sometimes referred to as the Appalachian orogeny) formed the supercontinent Pangea ~325 million years ago. The ancestral North American and African continents collided, forming Himalayan-scaled mountain chains known as the Central Pangean Mountains. The modern-day Anti-Atlas Mountains of northwestern Africa were part of this chain. The mountain building ended some 265 million years ago, and the ancestral North American and African continents began drifting apart ~200 million years ago (and continue to do so to this day). The Appalachians have weathered and eroded away over the past hundreds of millions of years, leaving only remnants of the mountain system that once reached record heights. The strata of the Atlantic Coastal Plain are made up of sediment from their weathering, transportation, and deposition.

Dark Side of Science - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1014 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Science Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? â€Å"Only guard yourself and guard your soul carefully, lest you forget the things your eyes saw, and lest these things depart your heart all the days of your life. And you shall make them known to your children, and to your children’s children. † Deuteronomy 4:9. (USHMM) Were the experiments that the Nazi’s conducted on the Jew’s beneficial or detrimental to the advancement of science? I think to understand the question we must understand the why, of the situation. For example Dr. Fritz Klein’s response to Dr. Ella Lingens-Reiner when she asked, â€Å"How can you reconcile that (the ash coming from the chimneys) with your oath as a doctor? His answer was, â€Å"Of course I am a doctor and I want to preserve life. And out of respect for human life, I would remove a gangrenous appendix from a diseased body. The Jew is the gangrenous appendix in the body of mankind. †(Lifton 12) Reichsfuhre Josef Mengle was known as the â€Å"Angel o f Death†. Mengle’s area of expertise was genetics and twins. He wrote his medical dissertation on how the structure of the lower jaw differed between the races. The twins he kept as pets, isolating them from the rest of the camp, giving them treats of candy and clothes, bribing them for before he would perform horrific experiments on them. The twins would endure daily blood draws and injections in the eye in hopes that he (Mengle) would be able to change their eye color. He even went so far as to sew a set of twins together to see if he could create â€Å"Siamese twins†. On Mengle’s orders, children suffering from noma were put to death in order for pathology investigations to be carried out. Organs and even complete heads of children were preserved and sent in jars to institutions including the Medical Academy in Graz, Austria. (Bard 1) More often than not, there was no real medical knowledge gained from any of his experiments. Sigmund Rascher howev er focused his experiments on high altitude sickness and hypothermia on Dachau camp prisoners. (Harvard) The experiments of high altitude were meant to push the limits of human endurance and existence. Prisoners were often placed in a low pressure chamber and the pressure was raised within. Most died, some did not. The hypothermia experiments were also meant to test the strength of the human body. The purpose behind these experiments, were to find the most effective way to re-warm a person who had been exposed to freezing temperatures. Bard 1) Carl Clauberg also had Auschwitz prisoners at his disposal; he injected chemical substances into women’s uterus’ and ovaries to find a â€Å"cheap and effective method of sterilization†. Herta Oberheuser, killed children with oil and evipan injections. Her â€Å"research† (and I use that term loosely) focused on deliberately inflicting wounds on prisoners, to simulate the combat wounds of German soldiers. Oberheuser would rub wood, rusty nails, slivers of glass, dirt and sawdust into the wounds of prisoners. (Bard 1) Karl Brandt preformed Sulfanilamide experiments at Ravensbrueck between July 1942 September 1943. These experiments were conducted for the benefit of the German soldiers. These experiments were to test the effectiveness of sulfanilamide and other drugs as treatments for infected wounds. (Sulfa drug testing was also going on in other parts of the world). Brant was also instrument in the study on bone, muscle, nerve regeneration, and bone transplant experiments. These also were preformed on inmates at the Ravensbrueck camp. (Harvard) The pro and cons of Germany’s bio-medical vision. The experiments that the Nazi’s preformed on the Jew’s were varied. But how has these crimes committed against man benefited or hurt the advancement of medicine. But what we have to understand is that science is amoral. (Orac 1) It is the people who use science, use it as a me thod, a tool for measuring things, it is these people whose morals the experiments reflect. For example a chainsaw is just that; a chainsaw, it has no notion of right or wrong, as a tool it can be used for evil or good. It is the person wielding the chainsaw one must worry about. The same can be said about the Nazi doctors, they were so focused on their Aryan bio-medical vision, they didn’t see the forest for the trees. However, they did produce some rather life altering inventions, such as: the electron microscope and they established the link between asbestos and lung cancer. â€Å"In addition Nazi Germany also forbid the use of the pesticide DDT on the grounds that it was a health hazard and instead used a german produced version known as cyclone-b. † (Kemp 1) â€Å"Also Nazi scientist were among the first in the world to warn of the dangers of radiation; asbestos, lead, cadmium, and mercury. † (Kemp 1) â€Å"Indeed German physicist and engineers develope d what was in essence the first cruise missile (V-1)† (Orac 1) In conclusion I believe that the Third Reich Regime did stumble upon some very amazing medical findings. However the results of the experiments are unreliable do to the poor health of the patients, in combination with their unhealthy living conditions. The information the scientific community has learned is invaluable. And while the experiments themselves remain un-reproducible, and the lives are un-replaceable, we as a society are armed with a knowledge that no one can take away. â€Å"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky. Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever. Never shall I forget that nocturnal silence which de prived me, for all eternity, of the desire to live. Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never. † (Wiesel 32) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dark Side of Science" essay for you Create order

What Everybody Dislikes About Best Friend Essay Samples and Why

What Everybody Dislikes About Best Friend Essay Samples and Why What Best Friend Essay Samples Is - and What it Is Not There are an infinite number of quantities of tattoos that will get the job done for best friends. There are a number of places to have ideas for the best friend tattoos. In addition, a tattoo of the greatest friends face, birthday, name or initials might not be the ideal idea. As it is going to be in May, we would like to plant beautiful flowers in her garden. What Everybody Dislikes About Best Friend Essay Samples and Why Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. The fight becomes quite serious and we met the principal to address the matter. You ought to be proficient in the topic, have an overall idea about the chosen issue and figure out how to get the best arguments to show your thesis. In the principal body of the friendship essay it is possible to elaborate on the aforementioned su bjects, using them as cornerstones. Free Best Friend essay samples can be found FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. Inside this Book is my very best friend' essay, I'll demonstrate that books still remain our finest friends for the reason that they might be outdated as physical objects, but much less an idea. Therefore, before you pay to write essay for you, make certain that you have taken necessary measures to make sure that you my very best friend essays are choosing the appropriate professionals and service who can write quality my very best friend essays papers for you. Browsing our essay my very best friend essays writing samples can provide you an idea whether the standard of our essays is the quality you are searching for. New Questions About Best Friend Essay Samples Occasionally it's helpful to observe how others were able to get over the difficult first-line hump. It's a person who is always prepared to come to assist you, somebody who understands you and doesn't ask questions if you don't wi sh to. A friend will permit you to win sometimes especially if he's too fantastic that you beat in a for instance a game like chess. Someone is never likely to feel alone in the existence of books. The True Meaning of Best Friend Essay Samples Bear in mind however, that the choice to have a dog is a significant one that shouldn't be dismissed. The time and effort spent taking care of your dog is going to be returned to you in the shape of the lifelong loyalty and friendship that you are going to receive from your dog. You have to attempt to trace your friends' behavior to a particular event once you're confident that they're ignoring you. A friend also attempts to make you truly feel good about yourself especially whenever you have confidence problems and your ego is shattered. Let's take a better look at a number of the things that could demonstrate the real value of friendship. You have to be sure your friends are deliberately ignoring you before you jump to conclusions that may bring a stop to your friendship. A friend is a person who's with you in positive and negative times, somebody who shares your joys and sorrows. Carefully observe your friendship and watch out for a few of these obvious indications your friend could be ignoring you. A friend corrects you once you are in the incorrect. It's normal and at times inevitable to be attracted to your very best friend. Thus, what really makes a friend your very best friend. If your friend loves nature, you can present your friend a gift that is constructed of recycled materials of all sort. Make sure you're likely to watch your friend's beloved team. Generally, it's difficult to get a single and direct definition of the very best friend. You don't need to bow to fashion and purchase the most stylish and pricey clothes, but maybe a very simple move away from the too-short-pants and bright over-sized sweatshirt will aid your child be among the gang. In the realm of animals man's best friend is referred to as a dog. Friendship is having the capability to cry together. It is the relationship between two or many friends. They are not born overnight, but they can be lost almost as quickly. They are very important in life.

The Secret History free essay sample

The prologue, as in many works of literature, is used as a way of gripping the reader – making one enthralled in the text, introducing themes that reoccur throughout the text (for example the narrator’s journey in this particular novel), along with characters, and the style of writing used. Within the first few lines of the prologue, we learn that ‘Bunny’ is dead, yet we are not told exactly who he is or why he was killed, which adds to the tension that builds up until the inevitable death of the character. Because the death is mentioned in the prologue, the reader progresses through the text bearing the chilling knowledge that this character that we as a reader become accustomed to is bound to die. This does in fact add to the overwhelming sense of fate that is forever present during the novel. We are told of â€Å"Henry’s modest plan†[1], which introduces the character of Henry as being probably a character that the others look up to and acknowledge as being their leader. To say that the plan was ‘modest’ comments on the narrator’s morality, giving one the impression that they didn’t think highly of Bunny enough to make a more reasonable alternative to his murder. The narrator himself does not seem so much resentful of the incident, as tormented by it. His mind is occupied by the events, yet he does not feel emotion for the death of Bunny – only sympathy for his own involvement. From this we can sense that the writing will be seen through a troubled perspective that will be biased and unjust at times. The writing style uses a lot of pathetic fallacy which is common in gothic thriller novels, for example, R.L. Stevenson’s Jekyll and Hyde, which uses the weather at numerous places throughout to set the mood and atmosphere that will represent the action in the coming chapter. The setting of the prologue is described in a vivid way giving the narrator’s memories a sort of ethereal delicacy to the scenery, and many of the aspects of the language present an oxymoronic metaphor, for example, the description of what would be a peaceful setting: â€Å"shivering apple blossoms†[1] is presented in a chilled and harrowing way, not unlike the obscure descriptions of setting in Anthony Burgess’ Clockwork Orange in which the narrator described often brutal and violent scenes as beautiful. This link is more obvious in Julian’s description of the â€Å"horror of love†[1] later in the novel. The prologue is written in a linear thought trail and sounds as if the narrator is musing over the events that have happened. Throughout the book, the narrator often branches off into tangents thought chains. He presents the story as if he was a stranger who happened to be overlooking the events – in the sense that he speaks with a large level of emotional distance. The scene that Richard paints is one of prolonged fear. As the prologue unfolds, his narrative becomes more cluttered, like the thought train of a troubled mind. He starts off by introducing the scene rather delicately and plain, but by the end of the prologue he is using vivid and harsh detail. This is mirrored in the events in the book. In the beginning the action is slow, but throughout it increases until it progresses to a helpless state that Richard cannot help or stop. The prologue introduces the growing state of anxiety that Richard is seen to emit during the book itself. This can also be linked to the journey that Richard takes from being at peace to in distress, the amount of pressure builds up on him until he can do nothing else but succumb to it. In a way, the prologue can be somewhat linked to that in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, in the sense that the actual focal point of tension in the stories, the deaths of the characters, are revealed in the opening of the text itself. The two lovers in this story are represented by pairs of characters – Charles and Camilla, Henry and Francis, with Richard and Bunny pairing with all of these characters (Bunny in a more-negative way). Essentially the book presents circumstances in which these pairs are in a constant state of tension, for example in the first half everyone’s growing hatred of Bunny and in the last half the disintegration of the bond between most, if not all, of the characters – and Richard’s struggle to maintain his â€Å"perfect† lifestyle. The prologue is written in a well thought out way. It seems as if the narrator has relayed the events over and over in his mind until the events have ceased to be a story in his mind. For instance, we can see this in the way the speech in the prologue has no speech marks; â€Å"Why, looking for new ferns, said Henry†[1]. In the narrator’s mind this mere sentence has stopped being merely words and is now a matter of fact – he can’t change what has happened, not even in his imagination. This also relates to Richard’s feelings that his tragic tale is â€Å"the only story†[1] that he will ever be able to tell. In conclusion, the prologue does have an immediate effect on the reader’s prejudgement of the novel, which in itself prepares the reader for the coming events in the book. Without the feeling of retrospect that the prologue introduces, the tension and dramatically irony that runs deep within the book’s story would not gain momentum throughout the novel, and the intrigue that the reader feels about the provocation of the murder would have been less. The prologue, in a way, acts as a glorified synopsis for the novel. Without it, I doubt that the reader’s interest would have been held more than the 200 word mark. But this is only because the author has written the book in a way that makes one feel for the characters, an actual emotion can’t be brought upon instantaneously.